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4 (1 votes)5 (1 votes)

Researchers are reporting outcomes of a study that substantially alters the existing understanding of how the influenza virus evolves and that could have crucial implications for monitoring modifications towards the virus and predicting which strains should be utilised for flu vaccine. The study, which will likely be published inside the online journal Biology Direct Oct. 26, 2006, was conducted by researchers from the National Library of Medicine’s National Center for Biotechnology Data (NCBI) and Fogarty International Center, both portion of the National Institutes of Wellness.

In an effort to better recognize how seasonal influenza evolves into new strains, the researchers analyzed the genomic sequences of a large and representative collection of the two most common flu strains (known as H3N2 and H1N1) from the 1995-2005 flu seasons in New York state and New Zealand. The sequence information was obtained from the Genome Sequencing Project , which recently generated more than 1,000 fully sequenced influenza genomes from clinical isolates; the project is funded and managed by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Illnesses.

The analysis revealed a picture of flu evolution that was surprisingly different from the prevailing conception of how the virus modifications. Evolution of influenza A virus is commonly viewed as a typical Darwinian method. In this mode of evolution, the virus’ main surface protein, hemagglutinin (HA), is thought to continually change to evade human immune response, resulting in new dominant strains that eradicate all competitors in a series of rapid successions. Unexpectedly, nonetheless, the study located that the periods of intense Darwinian selection accounted for only a relatively small portion of H3N2 flu evolution during the ten-year period examined.

The study located that significantly of the time the H3N2 virus seemed to be “in stasis”; which is, the HA gene showed no significant excess of mutations in the antigenic regions (those recognized by the immune method). Through these stasis periods, none of the co-circulating strains is significantly a lot more fit than others, apparently because multiple mutations are required to substantially improve the virus’ capacity to evade the immune technique. As a result, an elevated variety of strains accumulates. Ultimately, even so, one of the variants will come within 1 mutation of achieving higher fitness and becoming dominant. Once the crucial last mutation does occur, virus evolution shifts from stasis to a brief interval of rapid Darwinian evolution, where the new dominant virus rapidly sweeps by means of the human population and eliminates most other variants.

Based on their results, the researchers conclude that “the common view of the evolution of influenza virus as a rapid, positive selection-driven procedure is, at best, incomplete.” Because the periods of stasis allow the proliferation of numerous small groups of associated viruses, any of which could become the subsequent dominant virus strain, the authors suggest that sequencing much larger numbers of representative isolates could be helpful in augmenting existing surveillance approaches.

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The study, titled “Long Intervals of Stasis Punctuated by Bursts of Positive Selection inside the Seasonal Evolution of Influenza A Virus,” is authored by Yuri Wolf, PhD, NCBI; Cecile Viboud, PhD, Fogarty International Center; Edward Holmes, PhD, Fogarty International Center and Pennsylvania State University; Eugene Koonin, PhD, NCBI; and David Lipman, MD, NCBI.

Established in 1988 as a national resource for molecular biology details, NCBI creates public databases, conducts investigation in computational biology, develops software tools for analyzing molecular and genomic data, and disseminates biomedical data – all for the better understanding of processes affecting human wellness and disease. NCBI is actually a division of the National Library of Medicine in the National Institutes of Wellness (NIH).

Located in Bethesda, Maryland, the National Library of Medicine is the world’s largest library of the health sciences. For far more details, visit the Web site at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/. The National Institutes of Wellness (NIH) — The Nation’s Medical Analysis Agency — includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of the U. S. Department of Wellness and Human Services. It’s the main federal agency for conducting and supporting fundamental, clinical, and translational medical study, and it investigates the causes, treatments, and cures for each common and rare diseases. For a lot more details about NIH and its programs, check out http://www.nlm.nih.gov/.

Contact: Kathy Cravedi
NIH/National Library of Medicine

4 (two votes)5 (1 votes)

The latest national survey conducted by the Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH) Project on the Public and Biological Security finds that when faced with a serious outbreak of pandemic flu, a large majority of Americans are willing to create significant alterations in their lives and cooperate with public health officials’ recommendations.

However, the survey also finds that a substantial share of Americans would have no one to care for them if they become ill or would face serious financial problems if they had to remain property from work for a week or far more.

To view the complete survey and Power Point slides see:

http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/panflu/panflu_charts.ppt

http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/panflu/panflu_release_topline.doc

Pandemic flu can be a term employed to describe a virulent human flu that causes a global outbreak, or pandemic, of serious illness. Because there is little natural immunity, the disease can spread very easily from person to person. At the moment, there is no pandemic flu, but health officials are concerned that the H5N1 avian flu which has triggered about 250 illnesses and deaths among individuals in Asia, Africa, and Europe could become a pandemic flu. No humans or poultry within the Americas have already been infected with this avian flu virus.

This HSPH survey was conducted to support public health officials in planning for a achievable outbreak of pandemic flu and was presented Thursday, Oct. 26 in Washington, D.C. at an Institute of Medicine workshop: Modeling Community Containment for Pandemic Influenza. HSPH Professor Marc Lipsitch also presented historical analyses of interventions inside the 1918 pandemic, comparing cities that intervened early and those that intervened late, to assess the difference in epidemic curves in these groups of cities.

This is the 1st report to attempt to tap the public’s intentions when faced using the certain circumstances of an outbreak. The men and women interviewed were 1st read a scenario about an outbreak of flu that spreads rapidly among humans and causes severe illness. They were then asked how they would respond to and be affected by the circumstances that would arise from such an outbreak.

Willingness to Cooperate with Public Well being Recommendations A lot more than three-fourths of Americans say they would cooperate if public well being officials advised that for 1 month they curtail various activities of their daily lives, such as employing public transportation, going towards the mall, and going to church (Figure 1). Far more than nine in ten (94%) say they would stay at residence away from other individuals for seven to ten days if they had pandemic flu (Figure two). Additionally, 85% say they and all members of their household would stay at property for that period if another member of their household was sick.

Nine in ten Americans (90%) say that if public well being officials suggested that they as well as the other members of their household stay in their town or city, they were likely to stay.

These findings speak to the resilience of the American public in the face of a prospective health crisis, stated Robert J. Blendon, Professor of Wellness Policy and Political Analysis in the Harvard School of Public Wellness.

The area exactly where anticipated cooperation is lowest involved the workplace. Whilst a majority (57%) of employed adults say they would remain house from work if public officials stated they ought to, even if their employers told them to come to function, about one-third (35%) say they would go to work.

Home Much more than eight in ten Americans (85%) say they would be able to take care of sick household members at home for 7 to 10 days, if public well being officials recommended it (Figure 2). However, about three-fourths (76%) say they would be worried that if they stayed at property with a household member who was sick from pandemic flu, they themselves would get sick from the illness.

Nearly three-fourths (73%) say they would have someone to take care of them at residence if they became sick with pandemic flu and had to remain at house for seven to ten days. Nonetheless, about one in four (24%) say they would not have someone to take care of them. More than 4 in ten men and women living in one-adult households (45%) and about 1 third of low-income (36%), African-American (34%), disabled (33%), and chronically ill (32%) adults say they would not have anyone to take care of them if they were sick and had to remain at residence that lengthy.

A substantial proportion of the public believes that they or a household member would be likely to experience various issues, including losing pay, being unable to get the well being care or prescription drugs they require, or getting unable to get care for an older or disabled person, if they stayed at house for seven to ten days and avoided get in touch with with anyone outside their household (Figure three).

School Closings If schools and daycare were closed for 1 month, 93% of adults who have major responsibility for young children under age 5 in daycare or age 5 to 17 and have at least 1 employed adult within the household think they would be able to arrange care so that at least one employed adult inside the household could go to work. Nearly as several (86%) would be in a position to do so if schools were closed for three months (Figure 4). Nonetheless, six in ten (60%) say that at least one employed person would have to stay house if schools were closed for a month.

Only one-fourth (25%) of employed individuals who have key responsibility for children under age five in daycare or age 5-17 in their household say that if schools and daycare closed for one month, they would be able to work from home and take care of the children.

More than nine in ten (95%) adults with major responsibility for young children age five to 17 report that they would be willing to give school lessons at house if schools were closed for 3 months.

More than eight in ten (85%) of these adults also think that if schools were closed for 3 months and public well being officials suggested it, they would be in a position to keep their children and teenagers from taking public transportation, going to public events, and gathering outside house although schools had been closed.

“A surprisingly large number of men and women would be able to keep their kids property and away from others if schools closed in the course of a severe pandemic,” stated Blendon.

About six in ten (64%) of these adults would want only a little or no aid at all in order to deal with the problems of having to stay home and keep kids at residence for a lengthy period of time. Of people who say they would need to have a lot or some help, half (50%) would rely most on help from loved ones, 11% on friends or neighbors, and 34% on outside agencies.

Work The survey asked employed Americans concerning the troubles they may have if they had been asked to stay out of work for seven to ten days, a month, and 3 months because of an outbreak of pandemic flu in their community.

The longer men and women are out of function, the greater the number of folks who will face financial difficulties. Even though most employed men and women (74%) believe they could miss seven to ten days of function without having serious financial troubles, one in 4 (25%) said they would face such issues. A majority (57%) think they would have serious financial issues if they had to miss work for 1 month, plus a total of three-fourths (76%) think they would have such issues if they were away from work for three months (Figure five).

Only about 3 in ten (29%) say that if they had to stay away from the workplace for one month, they would be able to function from house for that long.

Employed Americans were also asked about their current employers plans and policies for dealing with an outbreak of pandemic flu. Few working men and women (19%) are aware of any plan at their workplace to respond to a serious outbreak of pandemic flu. About one in 5 employed adults (22%) are very or somewhat worried that their employer would make them go to work even if they had been sick. Half (50%) believe that their workplace would remain open if public health officials suggested that some organizations in their community really should shut down. Only about one-third (35%) of employed Americans think that if they stayed house from work, they would nonetheless get paid; 42% think they would not get paid, and 22% do not know whether they would get paid or not.

“These findings are a wake-up call for business, that employees have serious financial concerns and are unclear concerning the workplace plans and policies for dealing with pandemic flu,” said Blendon.

Methodology This is the 25th in a series of studies by the Harvard School of Public Wellness Project on the Public and Biological Security. The study was designed and analyzed by researchers at the Harvard School of Public Well being (HSPH). The project director is Robert J. Blendon of the Harvard School of Public Wellness. The investigation team also includes John M. Benson and Kathleen J. Weldon of the Harvard School of Public Well being, and Melissa J. Herrmann of ICR/International Communications Investigation. Fieldwork was conducted via telephone for the Project by ICR/International Communications Study of Media (PA) between September 28 and October 5, 2006.

The survey was conducted with a representative national sample of 1,697 adults age 18 and over, such as an oversample of adults who had kids under age 18 in their households. Altogether 821 such adults with young children were interviewed. Inside the overall results, this group was weighted to its actual proportion (38%) of the total adult population.

The margin of error for the total sample is plus or minus 2.four percentage points.

Possible sources of non-sampling error include non-response bias, along with question wording and ordering effects. Non-response in telephone surveys produces some known biases in survey-derived estimates because participation tends to vary for distinct subgroups of the population. To compensate for these known biases, sample information are weighted towards the most recent Census data available from the Present Population Survey for gender, age, race, region, and education. Other techniques, including random-digit dialing, replicate subsamples, callbacks staggered more than occasions of day and days of the week, and systematic respondent selection within households, are utilised to ensure that the sample is representative.

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NEWS
Harvard School of Public Health
677 Huntington Avenue
Boston, MA 02115

The Harvard School of Public Well being Project on the Public and Biological Security is funded by a grant from the Association of State and Territorial Wellness Officials (ASTHO), which receives assistance from the Centers for Illness Control and Prevention. HSPH offers ASTHO along with the CDC with technical assistance for public wellness communication by monitoring the response of the general public to public wellness threats.

Harvard School of Public Health is dedicated to advancing the public’s well being via learning, discovery, and communication. More than 300 faculty members are engaged in teaching and training the 900-plus student body in a broad spectrum of disciplines crucial towards the health and well becoming of individuals and populations around the globe. Programs and projects range from the molecular biology of AIDS vaccines towards the epidemiology of cancer; from risk analysis to violence prevention; from maternal and children’s health to high quality of care measurement; from health care management to international wellness and human rights. For far more information on the school visit: http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/

Contact: Robin Herman
Harvard School of Public Wellness

4.67 (three votes)5 (1 votes)

Don’t worry, it is not too late. October and November are the perfect time to get that flu shot according to Dr. Daniel A. Hussar, Remington professor of pharmacy of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy at University of the Sciences in Philadelphia.

“The time is now to derive the optimum benefit,” Hussar stated of getting a flu shot. “Typically, it takes two weeks right after receiving the flu shot for its full protective impact to develop. If someone hasn’t gotten the shot, it is not too late.”

The Centers for Illness Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that 15 to 60 million folks inside the United States (five to 20 percent of the population) will get the flu. Of that, far more than 200,000 individuals will be hospitalized from flu complications, and about 36,000 men and women will die from flu.

Hussar recommends the flu shot as the best option for protection. The flu shot contains a killed influenza virus that when injected causes the body to form antibodies against the virus. Yet another option, the nasal-spray flu vaccine, contains a weakened version of the live influenza virus.

“Personally, I feel that the flu shot is the best option,” Hussar stated. “The mist is safe, but it has more restrictions on its use. For example, it is suggested that it not be utilized throughout pregnancy whereas the flu shot is strongly advised to be taken by women who are pregnant.”

Feel perfectly wholesome and can resist the flu? Hussar still recommends that even wholesome individuals get the flu shot, specifically those who are in get in touch with with household members who could be ill or young children. Even healthy folks can act as a carrier for the virus and can transmit it to others who are much more vulnerable to developing the infection and experiencing its complications. The flu shot assists to reduce that risk.

The flu shot supplies protection against a lot of strains of the flu virus. Given that, the viruses mutate on a continuing basis, the composition of the flu vaccine is changed from year to year. The CDC and other groups monitor which strains are most prevalent and most likely to be an concern inside the upcoming flu season. They develop the vaccine to combat the strains that are most most likely to occur.

Not all stains of influenza are accounted for. As of now, there is no vaccination against the Avian or Bird flu, a much more virulent strain of the virus.

Hussar is confident that there will not be a shortage this year. Additionally, flu shots need to be available more widely not only because of the greater supply but also because of an increased number of individuals who are authorized to give immunizations, which includes pharmacists.

“When it comes to flu shots – get it,” Hussar stated. “The supply seems to be sufficient to cover everybody who tries to get one.”

University of the Sciences in Philadelphia can be a private, coeducational institution founded in 1821 as Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, the initial college of pharmacy in North America. It really is where the founders of six of the top pharmaceutical organizations inside the world launched their futures. Comprising 4 colleges across a broad range of majors, USP specializes in educating its two,500 students for rewarding careers via its undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral degree programs in pharmacy, science, and also the well being sciences.

University of the Sciences in Philadelphia
600 S. 43rd St.
Philadelphia, PA 19104
United States
http://www.usip.edu

five (2 votes)

Each year huge effort goes into producing influenza vaccines and delivering them to appropriate sections of the population. But a review of the evidence in this week’s BMJ suggests that they might not be as powerful as we think.

So is this effort justified, asks vaccine expert Tom Jefferson?

Public policy worldwide recommends the use of inactivated influenza vaccines (vaccines that contain dead viruses) to prevent seasonal outbreaks.

But because influenza viruses mutate (alter) and also the number doing the rounds varies from year to year, it’s difficult for scientists to study the precise effects of vaccines. The most reliable way to judge their effects would be to use systematic reviews – impartial summaries of evidence from numerous diverse studies.

Evidence from systematic reviews in this field shows that inactivated influenza vaccines have little or no effect on a lot of influenza campaign objectives, including hospital stay, time off work, or death from influenza and its complications.

Furthermore, most studies are of poor good quality (particularly within the elderly) and show evidence of bias. And there is surprisingly little evidence on the safety of these vaccines.

The large gap in between policy and what the information tell us is surprising, writes Jefferson. Reasons for this are not clear, but may stem from the confusion between influenza and influenza-like illness (the acute respiratory infection which looks like influenza but is not), a lack of accurate and fast surveillance systems, and the reality that vaccines are obtainable.

The optimistic and confident tone of some predictions of viral circulation and of the impact of inactivated vaccines, which are at odds with the evidence, is striking, he says. But given the enormous resources involved, a re-evaluation should be urgently undertaken.

“The problem is that the UK has no transparent approach for evaluating the effectiveness or expense effectiveness of vaccines,” adds BMJ Editor, Fiona Godlee. “NICE would like to take this on. The government ought to let it.”

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Contact: Emma Dickinson
BMJ-British Medical Journal

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four.38 (8 votes)four.41 (17 votes)

An independent analysis by the internationally renowned Cochrane Collaboration of worldwide influenza vaccine studies, published within the British Medical Journal on Oct. 28, concluded there is little scientific proof that inactivated influenza vaccine is safe and successful for kids and adults. Citing the Cochrane Collaboration obtaining as well as methodological flaws in a child influenza vaccine study published Oct. 25 inside the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), the National Vaccine Data Center is calling on the Centers for Illness Control (CDC) to cease recommending annual flu shots for all infants and kids until methodologically sound studies are conducted.

“There is really a massive gap in between policies promoting annual influenza vaccinations for most children and adults and supporting scientific evidence,” said epidemiologist Tom Jefferson, Cochrane Vaccines Field, Rome, Italy, who coordinated the comprehensive analysis for the prestigious Cochrane Collaboration. “Given the significant resources involved in annual mass influenza campaigns, there is urgent require for re-evaluation of these methods.”

The Cochrane Collaboration analysis located that the majority of published influenza vaccine studies had been methodologically flawed with selection biases, confounders and heavy reliance on non-randomized studies. The report points out that possible confusion among respiratory infections brought on by influenza viruses and those brought on by non-influenza viruses can result in misdiagnosis and gross overestimation of the correct impact of influenza on death and illness in a given influenza season. The report concluded that too few clinical trials have already been conducted to prove vaccine safety and current evidence indicates that use of inactivated influenza vaccine has only a modest or no impact on preventing influenza within the youngsters and the elderly.

“The CDC has pushed mass use of influenza vaccine in all young children without scientific evidence the policy is either necessary or safe,” stated NVIC President Barbara Loe Fisher. “Where will be the good science to back up the policy? If the recently published CDC-funded influenza vaccine study in JAMA is the kind of flawed science public well being officials are using to convince the public the vaccine is safe, it’s no wonder that a lot of parents don’t trust what public wellness officials say about vaccination. The CDC really should quit recommending annual influenza vaccination of all young young children when there is insufficient scientific justification for it.”

The JAMA study, which was conducted by Kaiser Permanente doctors with CDC funding, was a non-randomized retrospective analysis of the medical records of youngsters 6 to 23 months old who were given influenza vaccine along with other vaccines between 1991 and 2003. Vaccines had been not randomly administered and unvaccinated controls had been not employed. Children’s case histories were included in the study only if an HMO doctor had seen them inside 14 days of influenza vaccination. Dozens of convulsions and other adverse events, including brain injury experienced by young children right after vaccination, had been excluded from the study if the youngsters had not been seen by a doctor within 14 days of the adverse event or were sick inside the weeks before and following vaccination.

Because of arbitrarily chosen cut-off periods, adverse events which occurred ahead of and following various observation occasions cancelled every other out and had been not classified as vaccine-related. In some cases, convulsions and situations of Guillain Barre Syndrome had been dismissed as “coincidental” or brought on by other vaccines the young children received by the 19 Kaiser Permanente and CDC authors — nine of whom reported financial ties to flu vaccine manufacturers and all of whom received CDC funding.

“Vaccine studies are employing increasingly complicated statistical techniques rather than time-tested study designs,” stated NVIC Wellness Policy Analyst Vicky Debold, R.N., Ph.D. “The JAMA study is exactly the type of study criticized by the Cochrane Collaboration. There had been so many limitations and exclusions inside the study design that it truly is nearly impossible to interpret or replicate the findings. The correct effect of the influenza vaccine on health outcomes cannot be identified in this single, flawed study, which ought to not be utilised as evidence that influenza vaccine is safe for infants and toddlers or to justify national vaccine policies.”

The Cochrane Collaboration (http://www.cochrane.org), which maintains the Cochrane Library and is the world’s leading producer of systematic reviews of scientific data about wellness care, can be a UK registered international charity. Cochrane reviews are considered the gold standard for determining the effectiveness of wellness care interventions.

The National Vaccine Information Center (NVIC) is actually a non-profit, educational organization (http://www.nvic.org) founded in 1982 and is dedicated to preventing vaccine injuries and deaths by means of public education and defending the informed consent ethic.

National Vaccine Information Center
http://www.nvic.org

Older voters in pick cities and towns on Election Day will have the chance to cast their ballots and fight the flu at the very same time. Flu vaccine clinics will be stationed next to polling sites in 26 communities across the nation on November 7 as portion of the “Vote and Vax” initiative, a public well being program designed to make it easier for those 50 years and older to protect themselves during the flu season.

The program is supported by a $320,000 grant from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the nation’s largest philanthropy devoted to improving the wellness and health care of all Americans. Launched in 1996, the Vote and Vax initiative targets communities across the country in which flu shot delivery rates are usually low. The U.S. Centers for Illness Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend that all Americans ages 50 and more than get annual flu shots to aid limit the spread of the influenza virus. Elderly people are especially vulnerable towards the disease, which kills more than 32,000 individuals over age 65 every year, making it amongst the most prevalent killers of older Americans.

“Influenza is one of the deadliest wintertime diseases and yet is also one of the most effortlessly preventable,” says Jane Isaacs Lowe, Ph.D., senior program officer with the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. “The Vote and Vax initiative is actually a creative and successful way to supply flu shots and other crucial public health services for the members of our society who require them most.”

The Vote and Vax program is directed by Sickness Prevention Achieved through Regional Collaboration (SPARC), a Connecticut-based community wellness program. Since the program’s inception, SPARC has expanded the number of participating sites in the course of each successive election cycle. On this Election Day, the program will operate sites in 26 U.S. cities in 17 states, the largest effort to date.

“This is a simple, convenient way for older adults to get their flu shots,” says Dr. Douglas Shenson, president of SPARC. “You don’t have to vote to get vaccinated, but for a lot of Americans, the convenience of casting a ballot and protecting yourself from the flu at the identical time is an attractive option.”

Those wishing to receive a flu shot at Vote and Vax clinics can pay on-site or by showing a valid Medicare, Medicaid, or private health insurance card along with legal identification. In addition to flu shots, sites could also be in a position to offer vaccines against other common diseases, including pneumonia, hepatitis, and tetanus.

For details about which cities will host Vote and Vax clinics, see the list below. For far more data, contact Evan Burness or Laurie Hawkins.

Public Health Offices:

* Clinica Sierra Vista Grand Forks CA

* Central Coast VNA and Hospice Monterey CA

* San Francisco Department of Public Health San Francisco CA

* Garfield County Public Wellness Rifle CO

* VNA of Southeastern Connecticut Waterford CT

* Jefferson & Madison County Well being Departments Monticello Madison FL

* Polk County Wellness Department Bartow FL

* Lowndes County Board of Health Valdosta GA

* Louisa County Public Health Wapello IA

* Community Wellness Center Partners of Sioux County Orange City IA

* Southwest District Well being Caldwell ID

* Central District Well being Department Boise ID

* Clay County Wellness Department Flora IL

* Whiteside County Health Department Rock Falls IL

* Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe Cass Lake MN

* Saline County Health Department Marshall MO

* Monroe County Health Department Paris MO

* Lewis & Clark City-County Well being Department Helena MT

* Cherokee Indian Hospital Public Health Cherokee NC

* Grand Forks Public Wellness Department Grand Forks ND

* Omaha Tribe of Nebraska Carl T. Curtis Health Education Center. Macy NE

* Erie Center on Health & Aging Erie PA

* Bethlehem Wellness Bureau Bethlehem PA

* Galveston County Health District La Marque TX

* City of Houston Dept of Well being & Human Services Houston TX

* Tooele County Well being Department Tooele UT

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The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation focuses on the pressing health and wellness care issues facing our country. As the nation’s largest philanthropy devoted exclusively to improving the well being and well being care of all Americans, the Foundation works with a diverse group of organizations and individuals to identify solutions and obtain comprehensive, meaningful and timely alter. For a lot more than 30 years the Foundation has brought experience, commitment, as well as a rigorous, balanced approach towards the troubles that affect the wellness and health care of those it serves. When it comes to helping Americans lead healthier lives and get the care they need to have, the Foundation expects to make a distinction in your lifetime. For far more details, visit http://www.rwjf.org/.

SPARC (Sickness Prevention Achieved by means of Regional Collaboration), is a nonprofit agency committed to creating new approaches to delivering preventive medical services. The organization is focused on broadening access to immunizations, cancer screening, and also the prevention of heart disease and stroke. SPARC was founded in 1995, beginning its activities in a 4-county region in southern New England. The organization’s projects have made a significant impact on the delivery of preventive services within the region, and SPARC has garnered awards from national, state, and neighborhood public health organizations. The agency is supported through partnerships with medical care systems, the Centers for Illness Control and Prevention (CDC), along with neighborhood, regional, and national philanthropies, including The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.

Contact: Evan Burness
Burness Communications

4 (1 votes)

Carrington Laboratories, Inc. (Nasdaq: CARN) reported today that GelVac(TM), a dry powder nasal delivery formulation for vaccines, showed each antigen stabilization and high immunogenic impact in preclinical models. Furthermore, ongoing studies of GelVac(TM) formulations incorporating influenza antigens exhibited the potential for long-term stability through storage at space temperature.

In a presentation entitled “A Stable Dry Powder Vaccine Formulation (GelVac(TM)) for Nasal Delivery” at the 2006 American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) Annual Meeting and Exposition October 29- November 2, 2006 in San Antonio, Texas, Babu M. Medi, PhD, Pharmaceutical Scientist at DelSite Biotechnologies, Carrington’s wholly-owed subsidiary, described preparation and characterization of GelVac(TM) stable dry powder vaccine formulations for nasal delivery of vaccines using various drying strategies.

The information showed the antigens had been protected from activity loss during the dry powder formulation procedure, keeping their potency. Additionally, the GelSite(R) polymer, the crucial ingredient of GelVac(TM) powder formulations, exhibited a distinct antigen stabilization effect in addition to conferring in situ gelling properties, both of which serve to increase the uptake of active antigens inside the nasal cavity.

Equally important, the preservative-free dry powdered formulations incorporating influenza antigens had been shown to be stable for over 18 months in the course of storage at ambient space temperature (nonetheless ongoing). They had been also very immunogenic, eliciting robust immune responses in animals right after nasal delivery.

GelSite(R) polymer offers an in situ gelling property for optimal nasal delivery. Upon hydration by nasal fluid, the GelVac(TM) formulation adjustments from dry powder particles to wet gel particles, resulting in the formation of a gel that adheres to nasal mucus, thus maximizing antigen exposure through prolonged nasal residence time and sustained antigen release.

An abstract of this presentation might be located on DelSite’s site at http://www.delsite.com/newfiles/sci_pubs.html.

About GelSite(R) Polymer

GelSite polymer can be a novel, naturally derived high-molecular-weight polygalacturonic acid. It possesses distinct chemical and functional properties proprietary towards the Company, which includes in situ gelling. It really is manufactured under cGMP as a highly pure dry substance.

About GelVac(TM)

GelVac(TM) can be a proprietary nasal powder vaccine delivery technique according to the GelSite(R) polymer, the main functional ingredient that confers its exclusive in situ gelling property. The GelVac(TM) method combines the positive aspects of dry powder formulations and nasal immunization, including space temperature stability, prolonged shelf life, and no want for preservatives, and induction of systemic and mucosal immune responses.

About DelSite

DelSite Biotechnologies, Inc. is actually a drug delivery and biotechnology business established to supply the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries with novel delivery solutions for vaccines and therapeutic agents. DelSite is a wholly owned subsidiary of Carrington Laboratories, Inc. and was formed according to discoveries at Carrington.

About Carrington

Carrington Laboratories, Inc. is an ISO 9001-certified, research-based, biopharmaceutical and consumer items organization at present utilizing naturally- occurring complex carbohydrates to manufacture and marketplace products for mucositis, radiation dermatitis, wound and oral care, and also to manufacture and market place the nutraceutical raw material Manapol(R) and cosmetic raw material Hydrapol(TM). Carrington also manufactures and markets consumer merchandise and manufactures top quality merchandise for other organizations. Manufacturing operations comply with cGMP standards. Carrington’s technology is protected by much more than 130 patents in 26 countries. Pick goods carry the CE mark, recognized worldwide. For a lot more info, go to http://www.carringtonlabs.com.

Specific statements in this release regarding Carrington may be forward- searching. Actual events is going to be dependent upon quite a few aspects and risks which includes, but not restricted to: subsequent adjustments in plans by the Company’s management; delays or issues in formulation, manufacturing, distribution, production and/or launch of new finished goods; modifications within the regulatory process; changes in industry trends; plus a number of other elements and risks described from time to time inside the Company’s filings using the Securities & Exchange Commission, including the Form 10-Q, filed August 14, 2006.

Carrington Laboratories, Inc.
http://www.carringtonlabs.com

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Exposing a distinctive surface coating to light may possibly in reality hold the crucial to protecting you from virtually all viruses and bacteria, which includes the feared avian flu.

Laboratory testing of a novel, permanent nano-coating, developed in collaboration by researchers at North Carolina State University College of Textiles and Emory University School of Medicine, has been shown to kill or inactivate most viruses and bacteria when exposed to visible light. Early tests have shown that the coating kills 99.9 percent of influenza viruses and 99.99 percent of vaccinia virus, which causes rash, fever, head and body aches.

The coating technology was developed by Dr. Stephen Michielsen, associate professor in NC State’s College of Textiles, and Drs. Igor Stojiljkovic and Gordon Churchward, associate professors at Emory University’s School of Medicine in Atlanta.

NC State has applied for a patent on the invention, which has been licensed to Analysis Triangle Park-based start-up LaamScience, Inc. The business – whose name stands for Light Activated Anti Microbials – has raised a lot more than $400,000 in seed financing from North Carolina angel investors that may allow it to optimize the coating and begin developing product prototypes.

Prototypes will likely be used in efficiency trials targeting hospital locations which includes waiting rooms. The business is also creating a room air purifier that incorporates its nano-coated filter technology. Other potential application locations consist of anti-viral filter systems for airplanes and companies, in addition to for a variety of uses for 1st responders and also the military, such as anti-viral masks. Possibly equally crucial, the invention could be employed to create everyday objects resistant to viruses and bacteria in the presence of light.

“We have many exciting opportunities to utilize these proprietary coatings to stop infection ahead of it causes disease and death,” says Tom Roberg, chief executive officer of LaamScience. “The technology developed at NC State and Emory University offers an enormous chance to impact the wellness and welfare of folks all through the globe.”

The invention grew out of Michielsen’s investigation into nanotechnology and its use to modify the surface of polymers and fibers. The thin coating is really a form of dye that may be applied towards the surface of all sorts of fabrics and materials. When exposed to light, the coating acts as a photo catalyst, sparking a chemical reaction with air and killing most viral and bacterial microbes.

“In the presence of light, a specific reaction takes place on the surface that makes the air poisonous to the microbes, but harmless to people,” Michielsen says. “The coating doesn’t wear out and continually regenerates so it’s able to continue killing viruses once more and again.”

Michielsen presented the results of his coating analysis last fall as portion of the Accomplish Far more Field Day series, which is organized by the NC State’s Office of Extension, Engagement and Financial Development. The Obtain Much more Field Day invites market executives, venture capitalists and science and technologies entrepreneurs to campus to discover much more about NC State’s analysis, resources and partnership opportunities. Roberg heard Michielsen’s presentation and approached him along with the university about licensing, patenting, and commercializing the coating technologies.

“This is an outstanding example of how speedily breakthrough study results can be brought to industry when the best conditions are present,” stated Dr. A. Blanton Godfrey, dean of the College of Textiles. “NC State’s continuing focus on economic development coupled with our conventional land-grant mission creates the proper atmosphere for bringing leading researchers together with entrepreneurs. The possible financial benefit towards the Triangle area and state is only overshadowed by the potential benefit to the wellness of our and also the world’s population.”

LaamScience’s headquarters and laboratory are in the Becton Dickinson Technologies’ incubator space in Investigation Triangle Park, where the firm will develop the coating technology for commercial makes use of.

“The prospective uses for this technology are unlimited,” says Dr. Patrick Mize, LaamScience’s chief science officer. “These are applications that may alter the globe.”

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Contact: Chad Austin
North Carolina State University